Skip to content
peltolohkojen kartta
Home Mustiala Teaching and Research Farm Plant production Mönkkö

Block 4: Mönkkö

The field parcel information contains basic information about the field and events during the growing season, observations, and yield data.

Takaisin Kasvintuontannon pääsivulle

Block 4 Mönkkö

Basic block information

Area: 11.84 ha
Soil type: Richly organic silty clay (rmHeS) and organic soil (Mm)

Soil types vary across different parts of the field. The parcel is often cultivated as two separate sub-fields due to these variations. A buffer zone bordering the river has been designated and excluded from cultivation; the environmental commitment for this area began in 2015.

Crop Rotation

2025 B: Winter wheat, Ceylon
2024 A: Barley, RGT Planet, B+C: Silage Grass
2023 Silage Grass

Research and Trials

2021 Spring cereal variety and fertilization trial

Cultivation Practices

B: Winter wheat
10.9. Sowing: Ceylon 222 kg/ha


16.6.2025


16.6.2025


7.7.2025


7.7.2025


21.7.2025

Cultivation Practices

A: Ohra
15.5. Sowing: RGT Planet 260 kg/ha ja Naturcom Lypsylaidunseos 10 kg/ha
30.5. Fertilization: cattle slurry 26 tons/ha
4.9. Harvest: feed grain, yield 2,175 kg/ha

The wetter areas were cultivated with a rotary leveler and sown later than the rest of the field. Photo taken on 28.5
Mönkkö 4.7.2024
4.7.2024
Mönkkö 4.7.2024
4.7.2024
9.7.2024
Mönkkö 26.8.2024
26.8.2024.

B: Silage Grass
30.5. Fertilization: cattle slurry 23 tons/ha
30.7. Silage harvested into clamp, yield 1,766 kg DM/ha

Mönkkö 18.6.2024
18.6.2024
Mönkkö 4.7.2024
4.7.2024
Mönkkö 9.7.2024
9.7.2024

C: Silage Grass
26.6. Cleaning cut

Cultivation measures

Silage grass
A:
18.4.2023 Sowing: Italian ryegrass 10 kg/ha
13.5.2023 Sowing: Italian ryegrass 20 kg/ha
30.6.2023 Silage harvest in bales, 955.75 kg DM/ha
10.8.2023 Silage harvest in stack, 1112.5 kg DM/ha
18.9.2023 Silage harvest in stack, 1056.9 kg DM/ha


B:
30.6.2023 Silage harvest in bales, 134.83 kg DM/ha
8.8.2023 Silage harvest in stack, 1888.17 kg DM/ha
18.9.2023 Silage harvest in stack, 1056.9 kg DM/ha

On August 1st, the grass is lush, although there are some field horsetails peeking through.

Cultivation measures

Field: Ohra, Rödhete (6.21 hectares)
6.5.2022 Fertilization, cattle slurry 30 tons/ha
9.5.2022 Plowing
15.5.2022 Harrowing
16.5.2022 Discing
16.5.2022 Sowing: Ohra, Rödhete
30.5.2022 Grass seed sowing, harrow, Retu-charcoal mixture
26.8.2022 Harvesting, yield 2300 kg/ha

Grass silage field (4.54 ha + buffer strip grass 0.84 ha)
10.5.2022 Spraying, Amazinc 1.2l/ha
16.5.2022 Fertilization, cattle slurry 20tn/ha
14.6.2022 Grass silage harvest, yield 2600 kg DM/ha
29.7.2022 Grass silage harvest, yield 2000 kg DM/ha
22.9.2022 Grass silage harvest, yield 140 kg DM/ha
24.9.2022 Fertilization, cattle slurry 16tn/ha

16.6.2022
1.8.2022
1.8.2022
15.8.2022

Barley, Alvari (6.21 hectares)
16.5.2021 Leveling cultivation
16.5.2021 Fertilization, cattle slurry 20 tons/ha
25.5.2021 Two passes of harrowing with a penetrating goosefoot blade
25.5.2021 Fertilization of LUKEn squares and own test area, Fertilex 6-1-2, 500, 250, and 0 kg/ha for own test area
25.5.2021 Sowing: Oats, Alvari 238 kg/ha
2.6.2021 Rolling
8.6.2021 Re-sowing, approx. 0.7 ha, RGT Planet 260 kg/ha
16.6.2021 Sowing: Base mixture for clover squares, 20 kg/ha
17.6.2021 Sowing: Mustiala 2021 mixture, 26 kg/ha
10.9.2021 Harvesting, yield 483 kg/ha
11.9.2021 Supplementary sowing of grassland, 10 kg/ha

Silage grass (4.54ha + buffer grass 0.84ha)
21.4.2021 Replanting, Italian ryegrass 12 kg/ha
11.6.2021 Mowing and raking
15.6.2021 Baling, yield 2766 kg DM/ha
15.-16.6.2021 Fertilization, cattle slurry 28 tons/ha
5.7.2021 Spraying, BioNue 1ha, 2l/ha
23.7.2021 Silage harvest, yield 610 kg DM/ha
9.8.2021 Silage harvest, yield 1762 kg DM/ha (excluding buffer grass)

25.5.2021 Harrowing
Harvest map

Research and experimentation

Spring grain variety and fertilization experiment:
26.05.2021 Sowing, four repetitions (unfertilized, fertilized)
11.8.2021 Harvesting started (oats Avanti, Niklas; wheat ApuRuso, Lohja; barley Arild and Joutsenkaula)

Results of the spring cereal variety and fertilization trial 2021

15.7.2021 Aerial drone photo, LUKE’s test squares

Cultivation measures

Broad beans, Kontu, Sampo, and Louhi
27.4.2020 Cultivation leveling
27.4.-28.4.2020 Cultivation, with a penetrating goosefoot blade
28.4.2020 Sowing, field beans, Louhi, 328 kg/ha + cover crop of English ryegrass 10 kg/ha
28.4.2020 Sowing, field beans, Kontu, 240 kg/ha + cover crop of English ryegrass 10 kg/ha
28.4.2020 Sowing, field beans, Sampo, 140 kg/ha + cover crop of English ryegrass 10 kg/ha
26.8.2020 Harvesting whole-crop silage, from approx. 2.5 ha area
15.9.2020 Threshing, yield 2000 kg/ha
13.10.2020 Plowing

Research and experimentation

In the “Better Reserve in Organic” project, different varieties and variety mixtures were studied during the 2020 growing season. For more information, you can visit the following links: Link 1 and Link 2.

6.5.2020 Broad beans have started to sprout
12.5.2020 Slowly but surely
20.5.2020 The broad bean growth starts to push to the surface
26.5.2020 The broad bean crop has taken off with the warm weather
22.6.2020 Broad beans have started to flower
3.8.2020 Low vegetation and dominated by powdery mildew

Pollination strip

27.4.2020 Sowing, Own seed mix (Persian clover, sweet clover, common vetch)

22.6.2020 Pollen strip finally starting to bloom
23.6.2020Most of the vegetation is dominated by honeysuckle. Also, forage pear here and there, though not yet in flower.

Oats, Niklas (protective crop)
4.5.2020 Fertilization, cattle dry manure 20 tons/ha + slurry 20 m3/ha
5-6.5.2020 Plowing
7.5.2020 Leveling
7.5.2020 Harrowing, with a penetrating goosefoot blade
7.5.2020 Sowing, kaura, Niklas, 194 kg/ha
2.6.2020 Weeding, sowing grass seeds 22kg/ha (Mustiala, 2019 variety, cumin, clover grassland, and reed canary grass clover grassland)
11.9.2020 Harvesting, yield 3468 kg/ha

29.5.2020
Harvest map 2020

Buffer zone lawn

10.6.2020 Mowing
11.6.2020 Baling

Cultivation Measures

Winter Wheat, Ceylon (sown 2018)
30.4.2019 Fertilization, cattle manure 25 tons/ha
10.7.2019 Yield forecast 4,050 kg/ha
20.8.2019 Harvesting, yield 4,400 kg/ha
2.9.2019 Straw collection, yield 1,300 kg/ha
26.9.2019 Plowing

Autumn cereal variety trial
Autumn rye varieties: Sangaste, Elvi, and Reetta, as well as autumn wheat varieties Ruja and Sequenz.

Oats (protective crop), Niklas
9.5.2019 Leveling harrowing
13.5.2019 Harrowing, cross-cutting goosefoot blade, 2 times
13.5.2019 Fertilization, cattle manure 25 tons/ha
14.5.2019 Sowing 200 kg/ha
13.6.2019 Weed harrowing
13.6.2019 Sowing, cumin 0.5 kg/ha
13.6.2019 Sowing, Naturcom grass seed mix 27 kg/ha
22.7.2019 Yield forecast 5,000 kg/ha, growth at the end is finer
18.9.2019 Harvesting, yield 4,500 kg/ha

Silage grass, 4th year
13.5.2019 Fertilization, cattle slurry 25 tons/ha
4.6.2019 Silage harvest, yield 2,100 kg DM/ha

Buffer zone grass
4.6.2019 Silage harvest, yield 2,400 kg DM/ha
28.8.2019 Mowing

Cultivation measures

Grass silage with clover
9.5.2018 Manure spreading 26 tons/ha
5.6.2018 Mowing
5.6.2018 Raking
6.6.2018 Harvest 2,550 kg DM/ha, dry matter 39%
9.6.2018 Manure spreading 10 tons/ha
15.6.2018 Irrigation
31.7.2018 Mowing
31.7.2018 Raking
31.7.2018 Harvest 1,266 kg DM/ha
5.9.2018 Plowing 6 ha
5.9.2018 Harrowing 6 ha
27.9.2018 Harvest 409 kg DM/ha (5 ha)
17.10.2018 Plowing 5 ha
14.9.2018 Sowing winter wheat variety Sheila

2.8.2018

Cultivation measures

In 2017, the growth blocks were A 11.35 hectares and B 0.5 hectares. In different years, the block has been divided into different growth blocks. Block B is a buffer zone, with a commitment that started in 2015.

Grass silage with clover
2.5.2017 Fertilizer application: YaraMila Y1 256 kg/ha (69-3.3-10.2 kg/ha)
4.5.2017 Reseeding, surface application: Red clover SW Yngve 5.3 kg/ha
14.6.2017 Mowing and crushing
15.6.2017 Raking
15.-16.6.2017 Forage wagon harvesting: yield 3273 kg DM/ha (DM 34.4%, N 2.4%). 78 kg N/ha was removed from the yield
19.6.2017 Fertilizer application: YaraBela Suomensalpietar 150 kg/ha (40.2-0-2 kg/ha)
28.6.2017 Liquid fraction from cattle slurry separation 30 m³/ha (42-7.5-72 kg/ha) (soluble)
(Total N=2 kg/m³, Soluble N=1.4 kg/m³, P=0.25 kg/m³)
30.7.2017 Mowing and crushing
31.7.2017 Raking
31.7.2017 Forage wagon harvesting: yield 3846 kg DM/ha (DM 24.2%, N 2.7%). 104 kg N/ha was removed in the yield
15.8.2017 Cattle slurry: 18 m³/ha (48-10.4-54 kg/ha) (soluble)
17.9.2017 Mowing and crushing
18.9.2017 Raking
18.9.2017 Forage wagon harvesting: 1653 kg DM/ha (DM 19.5%, N 26.8%). 44 kg N/ha was removed in the yield. Total yield 8773 kg DM/ha

The photos are in order from newest to oldest. By scrolling down, you will find pictures taken in the spring.

16.10.2017
9.10.2017 The growth is about 20-30 cm tall, the preparation for winter looks good.
Rainwater is standing on the surface of the block, could the water permeability of the surface be better?
25.9.2017 A week after mowing, the growth has already grown 10 centimetres!
11.9.2017 The growth has not increased much in height in a week, but the density of clover has increased slightly.
4.9.2017 The height of the plant is 35-40 centimetres. The more clayey upper end has clover, the lower end has less clover.
28.8.2017 Height of the plant about 30-35 centimetres. The slurry tanker has left indentations in the block.
21.8.2017 The height of the plant is about 30 centimetres. Cattle manure was applied to the plot the previous week.
The Canada geese have been grazing the grass for a week now.
14.8.2017 Two weeks have passed since the harvesting of the silage, and the height of the crop is about 20 centimetres.
9.8.2017 It’s been a week since the harvest and growth has started again, with sufficient rainfall..
26.7.2017 22.6 the grass had a D value of 679 and a dry matter yield of 2400 kg/ha.
21.7.2017 The height of the plant is about 60-65 cm.
14.7.2017 The height of the plant is about 40 cm.
White clover is flowering, and the red clover sown in spring has also clearly started to grow.
7.7.2017 The height of the plant is 20-30 cm, the abundant water and warmth have given a good start to growth.
29.6.2017 Timothy has started to grow, with an average height of about 15 centimetres.
20 cubic hectares of separation liquid slurry was applied to the plot.

22.6.2017 The forage crop is harvested, with a dry matter yield of about 3300 kg/ha. The needles have started to grow well after mowing.
The Timothy is still at mowing height (about 10cm) but the needles have started to grow well. Clovers have also started to grow after mowing.
Please accept marketing cookies to view this content Change preferences
Timelapse video of grass growth during the week.
Timothy and red clover have grown well at the upper end of the plot, while the lower end of the plot is poorer in timothy and grassland.
The average height of the plant is 50-60 cm.
The Timothy is already almost all eared, with a growth rate of 55-57.
6.6.2017 The average height of the plant is approaching 40cm, again every week about 10 centimetres more, the time for feeding is approaching!
Timotei is starting to reach flagship status, and some of them already have a star in sight.
The drainage is clearly visible from the air.
30.5.2017 The average height of the growth is about 30 cm, with an additional 10 cm per week. Grasses continue to bush.
The surface of the field is so dry that the shovel does not want to sink into the field. Cracks can be found in the patch. Several mowings per growing season will keep the weeds under control.
23.5.2017 Average height of the plant about 20cm.
8.5.2027
2.5.2017
8.5.2017

Costs of producing the first harvest, growth, sampling for harvesting, and harvesting processes.

Please accept marketing cookies to view this content Change preferences

From the raw material analysis, it can be seen that the first harvest includes straw from the previous year’s cover crop, which increases the dry matter content and decreases the D-value.

Analysis of raw material samples (Valma):

Analysis of ready-made silage (Valma):

Analysis of raw material samples (Valma):

Crop yield research analysis result 27.11.2020:

Soil NIR-analysis (27.11.2020)

Sampling line 2020:

Crop yield research analysis result 2.5.2018:

Crop yield research analysis result 2014:

Agricultural yield after the harvest of 2015:

Nutrient balance 2016:

2024 Barley RGT Planet and silage grass
2023 Silage grass
2022 Barley Rödhete and silage grass
2021 Barley; Alvari and silage grass
2020 Broad bean, Kontu, Sampo, and Louhi
2019 (autumn grain trial), oats (cover crop), silage grass
2018 Silage grass
2017 Silage grass
2016 Silage grass
2015 Oats, Akseli, and grass seeds (Timothy Grinstad, Italian ryegrass Turgo, Meadow fescue Kasper, Reed canary grass Karoliina, Red clover SW Yngve, White clover Sonja)
2014 Oats Akseli and spring wheat Quarna
2013 Sugar beet Nexus Cruiser and barley Tiril
2012 Sugar beet Nexus Cruiser and spring rapeseed Trapper
2011 Barley and perennial grass
2010 Perennial grass