Field 12: Yhteislaidun

The field information contains basic information about the field and events during the growing season, observations, and yield data.

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Field 12 Yhteislaidun

Basic field information

Area: 14.48 hectares
Soil type: rich clay loam (rmHeS), medium fine-sandy moraine (mHtMr)

The field has only been part of Mustiala’s cultivation relatively late, in the 1960s. Previously, it was common pastureland. The field has usually been divided into two growth plots. The field has a difficult shape, with shady forest edge areas. On the side facing the barn, there is a collecting ditch, which is visible as a depression during wetter times. The edge of the ditch is clayey, but the soil becomes noticeably lighter and turns into sandy loam and sandy clay towards north.

This block has been combined with the old blocks 13 (Yhteslaidun) and 14 (Antin veräjä). At the back of the block was a part that was shaded by the forest and had long suffered from moisture problems. This part has now been re-drained and is functioning well. When digging in the ditches at the back, blue clay was found. This is traditional oat land, meaning it is moist and shady.

Crop rotation

Research and experiments

2023 Grass observation lanes (Naturcom), clover experiment, subsoil plant trial with broad bean
Intercropping and recycling fertilization experiment (autumn wheat)

Cultivation practices

A: Silage grass (7,01ha)
20.4.2026 Supplementary sowing, Italian ryegrass 10 kg/ha
22.4.2026 Fertilization, cattle slurry + NK boost 2026 20 tn/ha
12.5.2026 Fertilization, Combooster 40 l/ha
26.5.2026 Forage sample, D-value: 754
1.6.2026 Forage sample, D-value: 758
9.6.2026 Mowing
10.6.2026 Raking
10.6.2026 Harvest, yield 1400 kg DM/ha
17.6.2026 Fertilization, cattle slurry + NK boost 2026 30 tn/ha
22.7.2026 Mowing
22.7.2026 Raking
22.7.2026 Harvest, yield 2100 kg DM/ha
2.9.2026 Cleaning cut
2.9.2026 Plowing
2.9.2026 Harrowing
2.9.2026 Sowing, triticale SU Toppus 300 kg/ha
3.9.2026 Fertilization, Fertilex (4-1-2) 140 kg/ha
3.9.2026 Fertilization, yarasuna bio plus (10-3-1) 100 kg/ha

B: Broad bean (2,52ha)
29.4.2026 Levelling harrowing
30.4.2026 Fertilization, Soilfood hiventuhka I/2026 5 tn/ha
6.5.2026 Fertilization, Nevel luomuravinne 18 tn/ha
8.5.2026 Harrowing
18.5.2026 Sowing, broad bean Kontu 270 kg/ha
29.5.2026 weed harrowing + sowing Naturcom riviväliseos 6 kg/ha

C: Barley + grass seed (4,19ha)
29.4.2026 Levelling harrowing
30.4.2026 Fertilization, Soilfood hiventuhka I/2026 5 tn/ha
6.5.2026 Fertilization, Nevel luomuravinne 18 tn/ha
8.5.2026 Harrowing
21.5.2026 Sowing, barley BOR Reino 226 kg/ha

D: Testplots for oilseed hemp and landrace oats (0,14ha)
30.4.2026 Fertilization, Soilfood PK hiventuhka I 5 tn/ha
18.5.2026 Sowinglandrace oats, many varietys

E: Landrace rye (0,13ha)
29.4.2026 Levelling harrowing
30.4.2026 Fertilization, Soilfood hiventuhka I/2026 5 tn/ha
8.5.2026 Harrowing
28.5.2026 Sowing, rye Tvengsberg 150 kg/ha
14.7.2026 Cleaning cut

F: Annual silage grass (0,49ha)
29.4.2026 Levelling harrowing
30.4.2026 Fertilization, Soilfood hiventuhka I/2026 5 tn/ha
6.5.2026 Fertilization, Nevel luomuravinne 18 tn/ha
8.5.2026 Harrowing
18.6.2026 Rototilling
18.6.2026 Sowing, ryegrass
10.8.2026 Cleaning cut

yhteislaidun 12.5.2026 — Combooster has been spreaded by itself (upper) and with nevel luomuravinne (lower) to the field.

yhteislaidun 2026 — Map of different crops on the field.

Growth observation

yhteislaidun 25.5.2026 — 25.5.2026 Grass is in good growth, the crop is 40 cm tall. Only on the field weeds are dandelions.

yhteislaidun 2.6.2026 — 2.6.2026 Crop is thick and even, height is 50 cm.

sample	seedlings/m2
1	24
2	16
3	16
4	24

2.6.2026 Broad bean seedlings per squaremeter.

yhteislaidun 3.6.2026 — 3.6.2026 Map of the silage field created with vegetation index.

Yhteislaidun4.6.2026 — 4.6.2026 Locations of the samples.

sample	fresh weight (g)	dry weight (g)	dry matter (g/ DM kg)	yield (kg DM/ha)
1n	231	67	0,29	2680
1c	300	83	0,28	3320
2n	171	47	0,27	1880
2c	342	81	0,24	3240
3n	243	68	0,28	2720
3c	367	91	0,25	3640

4.6.2026 Results from the samples.

sample	Spad value
Nolla	40,5
Combooster	36,4

4.6.2026 The spad value is average from 30 samples.

yhteislaidun 8.6.2026 — 8.6.2026 Barley crop has improved.

sample	sprouts/m2
1	192
2	288
3	252
4	264

10.6.2026 Barley sprouts per squaremeter.

yhteislaidun 11.6.2026 — 11.6.2026 Aerial view of the silage grass.

yhteislaidun 18.6.2026 — 18.6.2026 Slurry has been spread to the silage grass.

yhteislaidun 17.6.2026 — 17.6.2026 Height of the broadbeans is 20cm, individual plants have suffered damage from pests.

yhteislaidun 23.6.2026 — 23.6.2026 Silage grass has started new growth.

yhteislaidun 22.6.2026 — 22.6.2026 The broad bean crop is nearly covering the entire ground. Height is 30cm.

sample	tillers/sample	tillers/m2
1	145	580
2	107	428
3	134	536
4	114	456

22.6.2026 Barley tillers per squaremeter.

yhteislaidun 25.6.2026 — 25.6.2026 There is some white goosefoot amongst the landrace rye.

yhteislaidun 29.6.2026 — 29.6.2026 The grass crop is thick, height is 20cm. There are some dandelions.

yhteislaidun 30.6.2026 — 30.6.2026 Height of the crop is 50 cm.

yhteislaidun 8.7.2026 — 8.7.2026 Aerial view of the grass.

yhteislaidun 13.7.2026 — 13 July 2026 Lush crop, height 50 cm. A few northern docks present.

yhteislaidun 14.7.2026 — 14.7.2026 Broad bean is 80-90 cm tall.

sample	heads/m2	grains/head	yield potential (kg/ha)
1	168	37,2	2620
2	240	33,6	3380
3	368	54	8330
4	356	51,9	7740
average	283	44,175	5240

14.7.2026 The count of heads and grains on barley and a potential yield calculated. (weight of thousand seeds in variety testings has been 41,9 g)

yhteislaidun 29.7.2026 — 29.7.2026 Couple small plots have lodged in the broad bean crop.

yhteislaidun 3.8.2026 — 3.8.2026 Grass has gotten a good start on growth after last harvest.

yhteislaidun 11.8.2026 — 11.8.2026 Height of the grass is 20-30 cm. There are also dandelions.

yhteislaidun 17.8.2026 — 17.8.2026 Height of the grass is 30 cm. There are also some dandelions amongst the crop.

yhteislaidun 20.8.2026 — 20.8.2026 There is more than one plant of landrace rye, still there are quite a lot of tillers. Roots are 15 cm long.

yhteislaidun 24.8.2026 — 24.8.2026 The broad beans have started to mature, lowest leaves have fallen off and some pods have turned black. Still the seeds are green.

yhteislaidun 2.9.2026 — 2.9.2026 The grass has been plowed for sowing in the autumn.

yhteislaidun 7.9.2026 — 7.9.2026 Winter triricale has been planted on the grass field. Tillage and sowing have been done greatly but unfortunately there are some wet areas on the field also.

yhteislaidun 17.9.2026 — 17.9.2026 Triticale has sprouted evenly.

yhteislaidun 21.9.2026 — 21.9.2026 Triticale has sprouted evenly.

yhteislaidun 22.9.2026 — 22.9.2026 Third leaf coming to triticale in some plants. Mostly though there are 2 leaves.

Cultivation measures

A: Silage grass
21.9.2024 Fertilization, yara suna bio plus 200 kg/ha
27.4.2025 Fertilization, cattle slurry 16 tn/ha
10.6.2025 Silage harvest. yield 1500 kg DM/ha
24.9.2025 Silage harvest, yield 2300 kg DM/ha

B: Winter wheat
21.9.2024 Sowing: Ceylon 239 kg/ha, Spring wheat
27.4.2025 Fertilization cattle slurry 16 tn/ha
22.8.2025 Harvest, yield 2800 kg/ha

C: Silage grass, grass mix with clover
15.4.2025 Sowing, grass mix with clover 8 kg/ha
27.4.2025 Fertilization, cattle slurry 16 tn/ha

7.7.2025

23.7.2025

Cultivation measures

A: Silage grass
5.6.2024 Silage harvest, yield 600 kg DM/ha
9.6.2024 Fertilization: cattle slurry 27 tn/ha
23.7.2024 Silage harvest, yield 1100 kg DM/ha

B: Spring wheat Helmi and grass seed
25.9.2023 Fertilization, cattle slurry 15 tn/ha
7.5.2024 Fertilization: cattle manure 25 tn/ha
7.5.2024 Leveling harrowing
8.5.2024 Harrowing
11.5.2024 Harrowing
13.5.2024 Sowing: spring wheat Helmi 227.8 kg/ha and Naturcom Retu nitrogen grass mixture 30 kg/ha
19.8.2024 Harvest, yield 2280 kg/ha

22.7. The wheat is already in good condition.

22.7. The weed nests stand out more clearly from the air.

Cultivation measures

A: Silage grass

13.6.2023 Mowing of clover plots
14.6.2023 Harvesting of silage into bales, yield 1000 kg DM/ha (2,8 ha)
16.6.2023 Harvesting of silage into a pile, yield 1300 kg DM/ha (4,68 ha)
7.8.2023 Harvesting of silage into a pile, yield 6000 kg DM/ha
19.9.2023 Harvesting of silage into bales, yield 1000 kg DM/ha

B: Broad beans

9-11.5.2023 Tillage
11.5.2023 Sowing: broad bean Louhi 319 kg/ha and cover crop 10 kg/ha (Italian ryegrass 80% + white clover 20%)
16.9.2023 Harvest: Yield 1880 kg/ha

Broad beans have sprouted steadily despite the drought in early summer.

Broad beans started to flower at the end of June.

B: Oilseed radish
9.6.2023 Sowing; oilseed radish 20 kg/ha in the back of the field as a biofumigation crop.

Cultivation measures

A: Barley, RGT Planet, cover crop
30.9.2021 Fertilization, cattle slurry 16,5 tn/ha
16.5.2022 Leveling harrowing
17.5.2022 Fertilization, cattle slurry 20 tn/ha
18.5.2022 Harrowing
19.5.2022 Harrowing
19.5.2022 Sowing: barley, RGT Planet
7.6.2022 Sowing, grass seed, sowing of clover strips
31.8.2022 Harvesting, yield 2600 kg/ha

B: Barley, RGT Planet
20.5.2022 Harrowing
21.5.2022 Harrowing
21.5.2022 Sowding, barley, RGT Planet, 250 kg/ha
9.9.2022 Harvest, yield 2700 kg/ha
14.9.2022 Plowing

16.6.Block A. About 400-450 sprouts/square meter, sometimes a bit more. Some patchy areas. There are sowing errors and areas affected by water. The weed pressure at this stage is low.

Cultivation measures

A: Whole crop silage, pea and wheat
7.9.2020 Fertilization, cattle slurry 14,8 tn/ha + Ecolan agra 200 kg/ha
19.3.2021 Liming, 4 tn/ha
16.5.2021 Fertilization, cattle slurry 20, tn/ha + Ecolan agra NS 200 kg/ha
17.5.2021 Harrowing twice, penetrating goosefoot blade
17.5.2021 Sowding, 240 kg/ha
27.7.2021 Harvest of whole crop silage, yield 2700 kg DM/ha
30.9.2021 Fertilization, cattle slurry 15 tn/ha
8.10.2021 Plowing

B: Silage grass
19.4.2021 Weed harrowing of the grass
6.6.2021 Mowing
7.6.2021 Raking and baling, yield 4900 kg DM/ha
9.6.2021 Fertilization, cattle slurry 40 tn/ha
22.7.2021 Harvesting of silage, yield 2100 kg DM/ha
10.9.2021 Plowing
14.-15.9.2021 Harrowing; Sowing (front part), winter wheat Ceylon 260 kg/ha; Fertilization, Yara Bio (8-4-2) 112 kg/ha
16.9. and 22.9.2021 Harrowing; Sowing (back part), winter wheat Ceylon 260 kg/ha; Fertilization (4-3-8) 250 kg/ha

Cultivation measures

Silage grass
5.5.2020 Fertilization, cattle slurry 20 tn/ha (part of the field)
5.5.2020 Leveling harrowing
26.5.2020 Harrowing, penetrating goose foot blade
27.5.2020 Fertilization, cattle slurry 20 tn/ha (rest of the field)
1.6.2020 Harrowing, penetrating goose foot blade
1-2.6.2020 Sowing, Fodder vetch 50 kg/ha, Italian ryegrass 8 kg/ha, Matty oat 100 kg/ha
26.8.2020 Whole crop silage harvesting, yield 4300 kg DM/ha
22.9.2020 Subsoiling, part of the field
3.10.2020 Disc harrowing

12.6.2020 A week after sowing, and the sprouts have beautifully emerged to the surface.

22.6.2020 Oat and vetch grow well and evenly.

23.6.2020 the edges of the forest change the colour scale of the block, yellow spots in the field are already good spots.

3.8.2020 The vetch is blooming. The crop looks good.

Grass

13.6.2020 Mowing
13.6.2020 Raking
13.6.2020 Harvesting silage
29.7.2020 Mowing
29.7.2020 Harvesting silage (part of the area), yield 2300 kg DM/ha
31.7.2020 Baling (remaining area)
15.9.2020 Harvesting silage, yield 1000 kg DM/ha
22.9.2020 Subsoiling, part of the field
2.10.2020 Overseeding, Mustiala silage mix, 5 kg/ha, part of the field

23.6.2020 the block was photographed before the I-crop was harvested. At the bottom of the plot, the forest shading obscures the good vegetation.

Barley Elmeri
15.5.2019 Leveling Harrowing
16.5.2019 Slurry spreading 25 m3/ha
20.5.2019 Harrowing, goosefoot harrow, 2 times
20.5.2019 Sowing, barley RGT Planet 240 kg/ha
24.5.2019 Fertilization, Ecolan agra 125 kg/ha
13.6.2019 Weed harrowing and undersowing with Italian ryegrass and white clover.
10.9.2019 Harvest, yield 3730 kg/ha

Maize Ambient
15.5.2019 Leveling harrowing
16.5.2019 Slurry spreading 25 m3/ha
5.6.2019 Harrowing, goosefoot harrow, 2 times
6.6.2019 Sowing, Ambient, into four different types of film and without film

Cultivation measures

Barley and grass seed mix
Timothy, tall fescue Retu/Karolina, alfalfa SW Nexus/Live, Italian ryegrass Meroa, red clover Saija/SW Yngve, alsike clover Frida/Aurora, white clover Jögeva4.

Mixed crop pea Rocket and oat Matty (12A 7,53 ha)
15.5.2018 Harrowing
16.5.2018 Harrowing
16.5.2018 Sowing: Pea-Rocket 190 kg/ha + Oat Matty 50 kg/ha
13.8.2018 Mowing + Harvest (2 ha) 4300 kg/ha
7.9.2018 Threshing 5.3 ha 1830 kg/ha
2.10.2018 Plowing

Barley Elmeri and grass seed (12B 7.03 ha)
17.5.2018 Harrowing
19.5.2018 Fertilization, cattle slurry 28 tn/ha
21.5.2018 Harrowing
21.5.2018 Sowing: Barley Elmeri 207 kg/ha and Grass seed Naturcom Grass Mixture 25 kg/ha (timothy 40%, meadow fescue Retu/Karolina 25%, alfalfa SW Nexus/Live 20%, Italian ryegrass Meroa 5%, red clover Saija/SW Yngve 5%, alsike clover Frida/Aurora 3%, white clover Jögeva4 2%)
3.9.2018 Harvest 2270 kg/ha

17.5.2018 After tillage and sowing, you can see the variation in soil moisture from the air. The clouds slightly distort the image.

Cultivation measures

Grain mixture (12 A 7.49 ha)
28.4.2017 Plowing
13.5.2017 Cattle slurry: 12m³/ha (32.4-7-36)
15.5.2017 Harrowing
17.5.2017 Sowing and Fertilization: Cereal mixture 250kg/ha (Matty + Streif 50%/50%), YaraBela Suomensalpietari 27-0-1 150 kg/ha (40.2-0-2)
19.5.2017 Rolling
30.5.2017 Patch sowing
19.6.2017 Crop protection: Ariane S 2 l/ha
10.7.2017 Crop protection: Acanto 0.25 l/ha, Proline 250 EC 0.25 l/ha, Moddus M 0.2 l/ha
24.10.2017 Harvest: (moisture 13.5) 4332 kg/ha
1.11.2017 Plowing

Perennial grass silage (12 B 7.08 ha)
4.5.2017 Fertilizer: YaraMila Y1 290 kg/ha (77.1-3.8-12 kg/ha)
6.19.2017 Mowing
6.19.2017 Harvest: 2823 kg DM/ha
6.22.2017 Fertilizer: Yarabela seleenisalpietar 190 kg/ha (50.9-0-2)
7.3.2017 Fertilizer: Yarabela seleenisalpietar 190 kg/ha (50.9-0-2)
8.9.2017 Mowing
8.10.2017 Harvest: 2621 kg DM/ha
9.11.2017 Crop protection: Glypper 4 l/ha and Contact adhesive 0.9 l/ha
10.4.2017 Plowing
Total yield: 5504 kg DM/ha

Cultivation measures
Growing areas in 2016 A 7.49 ha and B 7.08 ha, in different years the area has been divided into growing areas in different ways.

Block 12 A
At block 12, the fifth harvest of alfalfa will be taken in the summer of 2016. There is not much alfalfa left on the grass, and the reason may be the compaction of the soil over the years. Pictures from the 2016 growing season:

Block 12B

Raw sample analysis (Valma):

12A:

12B:

Raw sample analysis (Valma):

12A:

Analysis of finished silage (Valma):

From the raw material analysis, it can be seen that the first harvest has brought along straw from the previous year’s protective crop, which increases the dry matter content and lowers the D-value.

Soil sample analysis result 26.11.2021:

(A and B) sampling lines 12-16.

Soil sample analysis result 2.5.2018:

Soil sample 2014:

Results of the Field scanning: Common Grazing

2026 A: Silage grass, B: Broad bean, C: Barley, D: Testplots for oilseed hemp and landrace oats, E: landrace rye, F: Annual silage grass
2025 A: Silage grass, B: Winter wheat
2024 A: Silage, B: Spring wheat Helmi + grass seed
2023 A: Silage grass, B: Faba bean, Louhi, C: Oil radish
2022 Barley RGT Planet
2021 A: Whole grain silage pea + wheat, B: Silage grass
2020 Silage grass
2019 A: Barley and corn; B: Silage grass
2018 A: Pea, Rocket; Oat, Matty; B: Barley, Elmeri (cover crop)
2017 Mixture crop; Oat Matty and Barley Streif, silage grass
2016 Silage grass
2015 Silage grass
2014 Silage grass
2013 Silage grass
2012 Oat Aslak + grass seed (timothy Tuure, tall fescue Karoliina and alfalfa Derby mixed with Histick and silage grass
2011 Sugar beet Lincoln Cruiser and perennial silage grass and barley NFC Tipple
2010 Sugar beet Hamilton Poncho Beta and perennial silage grass and barley NFC Tipple

Field 12: Yhteislaidun

Field 12 Yhteislaidun

Crop rotation

Research and experiments

Contact details

HAMK

Field 12: Yhteislaidun

Field 12 Yhteislaidun

Crop rotation

Research and experiments

2026

2025

2024

2023

2022

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

Soil samples

Crop rotation